The condition may first appear in adolescence due to poor oral hygiene but in most. These secondary periodontal inflammations should not be confused by other conditions in which an epidemiological association with periodontitis was revealed, but no causative connection was proved yet. Many patients remain unaware of the disease until teeth become loose. The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex interplay between periodontopathogens and the host immunity, greatly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Epithelial portion connective tissue portion both are of fundamental importance in periodontal pathogenesis. Interstitial and langerhans dendritic cells in chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis share. Keratinizing potential of sulcular epithelium deep blue university. Sulcular epithelium, transmission electron microscopy, fimbria, adhesin. Gramnegative anaerobes such as porphyromonas gingivalis are wellestablished periodontal pathogens, and high numbers of these bacteria are found in the subgingival sulcus of patients with chronic periodontitis. Existence of human beta defensin1 peptide on periodontal. Research article creactive protein in peripheral blood of. The progression of chronic periodontitis is on a slower pace associated with specific microbial bacteria. Periodontitis is a potent and common cause of foulsmelling breath halitosis.
Photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontal. Such conditions are coronary heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction. In gingivitis, the sulcular epithelium has the following characteristics except it undergoes both degenerative and proliferative changes. The amount of disease progression correlates to the number of local factors present. Association of pocket epithelial cell proliferation in periodontitis with. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions. Change in clinical indices foll owing laser or scalpel. Start studying pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The onset of chronic periodontitis can occur at any time, and the first signs may be detected during adolescence in the presence of chronic plaque and calculus accumulation. Oral epithelium in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Darveau abstract periodontitis, or gum disease, affects millions of people each year. Lplastin is an actinbundling protein, exclusively expressed in leukocytes and plays a crucial role in immunemediated events. Bacterial adhesion to sulcular epithelium in periodontitis fems. Change in clinical indices foll owing laser or scalpel treatment for periodontitis. The study focused on the important question whether bacterial attachment to the gingival tissue. The most appropriate management is when compared to dental amalgams made from lathe cut particles, dental amalgams made from spherical particles in gingivitis, the sulcular epithelium has the following characteristics except it the bond between porcelain and metal in a ceramometal porcelain bonded to metal crown is which has the worst prognosis.
Junctional epithelium an overview sciencedirect topics. Immunopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis intechopen. In chronic gingivitis, the sulcular epithelium quizzn. When the sulcular epithelium begins, rete ridges are usually thicker, so we consider it free gingival not attached to enamel because the tooth in the picture is not fully erupted, the alveolar bones level is above. Some of these bacterial cells are found freefloating in the gcf, while others can be seen attached to host cells, usually epithelial cells. Nevertheless, chronic gingivitis that persists for years may provide the basis for greater concern for systemic health than a periodontitis condition that is more readily treated. Immunological differences and similarities between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis pauline j. The gingival epithelium is an early line of defense in the oral cavity. Chronic periodontitis is more prevalent in the adult population but can occur in younger patients too. Chronic periodontitis an overview sciencedirect topics. The purpose of this study was to examine by transmission electron microscopy the relationship between sulcular epithelium and adjacent bacteria in adult periodontitis in vivo using ruthenium red rr staining for detection of fimbrial adhesins 2.
Cronicon open access ec dental science research article the effect of laser therapy on pocket depth reduction in chronic periodontitis patients ahmed tawfig1, alya abdullah 2, yasmen madani, shatha alsuwaidan2, ghadeer alghamdi 2, taghreed albishri and asma alfaifi2 1assistant professor, department of preventive dentistry, riyadh colleges of dentistry and pharmacy, saudi arabia. Creactive protein in peripheral blood of patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis, gingivitis, and gingival recessions. Periodontitis is a common chronic infectious disease associated with pathogenic microorganisms affecting the supporting structures of teeth and leading to progressive destruction, finally leading tooth loss. Gingival crevicular fluid as a source of biomarkers for. However, a burgeoning pool of evidence indicates that. Subclinical symptom progression, ultimately leading to. However, closer surface morphological distinctions have not been described. The junctional and sulcular epithelium of the gingiva begin to proliferate into areas of collagen depletion. Ebv infection is common in gingival epithelial cells of the periodontium and worsens during chronic periodontitis. An immunoperoxidase technique was used to quantify the number of langerhans cells cd1a and interstitial dendritic cells factor xiiia in the oral and sulcular and junctionalpocket epithelia and in the lamina propria. Although it is associated with a defined microbial composition found on the surface of the tooth and tooth root, the contribution of bacteria to disease progression is poorly understood. Chronic periodontitis replacing the term adult periodontitis, this term describes the most commonly presenting form of periodontitis.
The junctional epithelium je adjacent to the tooth is that part of the gingiva which attaches the connective tissue to the tooth surface fig. Three clinical parameters are typically recorded in periodontal disease 4 a bleeding on probing, this reflects the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in gingival tissues with loss of integrity of the sulcular epithelium. Enzymatic penetration through intact sulcular epithelium deep blue. Gingival epithelium junctional epithelium sulcular epithelium dentogingival junction epithelial structure 5. Periodontal disease occurs when the structure of the junctional epithelium starts to change. The term chronic periodontitis does not imply that the condition is resistant to treatment. Bds third professional examination 2007 periodontology mcqs model paper total no.
Chronic periodontitis localized aggressive periodontitis generalized aggressive. As the biofilm continues to proliferate, soluble compounds penetrate the sulcular epithelium. Read quantitative assessment of apoptotic and proliferative gingival keratinocytes in oral and sulcular epithelium in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, journal of clinical periodontology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Crosssectional observational studies show that vitamin d deficiency may be associated with increased risk of chronic periodontitis 1, 6, 1417, and that supplementation with vitamin d alone, or with vitamin d together with calcium may help to maintain periodontal health, may increase mineral density of the jaws, and may inhibit inflammatory alveolar bone resorption 15, 1821. Periodontitis is one of the most widespread oral diseases in mankind borrell and papapanou 2005. Borchard and erpenstein incisions and tissue management in periodontal surgery fig. The junctional epithelium is located at a strategically important interface between the gingival sulcus, populated with bacteria, and the periodontal soft and mineralized connective tissues that. This attachment is continuously being renewed throughout life. Periodontal pockets as a result of progressive disruption of the sulcular. Failure in the inflammation resolving mechanism leads to establishment of a chronic. In chronic gingivitis, the sulcular epithelium the epithelial attachment does not migrate apically in infrabony lesions may occur at the a patient suffering from periodontal disease may complain of the absence of adequate drainage in a periodontal pocket may result in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis nug and acute herpetic gingivostomatitis. Chronic periodontitis is a good example of a chronic inflammatory condition, with persisting inflammation occurring concurrently with attempts at repair. Pdf in vitro reconstruction of human junctional and sulcular.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of nonmineralized and mineralized connective tissues. Fewer apoptotic cells were seen in the oral epithelium than in the sulcus in all subjects in both groups. As the biofilm continues to proliferate, soluble compounds penetrate the. Periodontitis initially begins as gingivitis and can progress onto chronic and subsequent aggressive periodontitis according to the 1999 classification. It is apically bounded by the junctional epithelium and meets the epithelium of the oral cavity at the height of the free gingival margin. Chronic periodontitis is a common disease of the oral cavity consisting of chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues that is caused by the accumulation of profuse amounts of dental plaque. The composition of the subgingival bacterial microbiota is a critical determinant in the health status of periodontal tissues. The shallow, vshaped region between the tooth and the sulcular epithelial surface is called the sulcus. Because of its slow rate of progression, however, chronic periodontitis usually becomes clinically significant when a patient reaches his or her mid30s or later. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease flashcards quizlet.
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease affecting 8090% of the world population. In addition, consistent with the multispecies etiology of periodontal disease. It forms a band 23 mm wide around the tooth, and is approximately 1530 cells thick coronally and tapers to a single cell apically. The gingival epithelium around a tooth is divided into three functional compartments outer, sulcular, and junctional epithelium the outer epithelium extends from the mucogingival junction to the gingival margin where crevicularsulcular epithelium lines the sulcus at the base of the sulcus connection between gingiva and tooth is mediated. Periodontitis is chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by the. Interstitial and langerhans dendritic cells in chronic. Fourteen biopsies from patients with chronic periodontitis and fifteen from patients with gingivitis were studied. Pocketsulcular epithelium is the first line of defence to plaque bacteria and its potential role in periodontitis is investigated. The pocket epithelium in periodontitis differs from the clinically healthy epithelium in its increase in sulcular depth. Quantitative assessment of apoptotic and proliferative gingival keratinocytes in oral and sulcular epithelium in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Quantitative assessment of apoptotic and proliferative. Its chronicity is the result of the persistence of the inflammatory stimulus, the plaque biofilm, and the chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the marginal periodontal tissues in response to this. This thesis describes the development of a model system, utilising an immortal epithelial cell line h400 in order to investigate responses to periodontal pathogen stimulation p.
Only in the most apical part of the sulcus, close to the junctional epithelium, did the number of apoptotic keratinocytes exceed the proliferative ones in patients with periodontitis. Aggressive periodontitis barbara noack, thomas hoffmann the diagnosis aggressive periodontitis, defined by the international workshop for a classification of periodontal diseases and conditions in 1999, refers to the multifactorial, severe, and rapidly progressive form of periodontitis, which primarily but not exclusively af. Incisions and tissue management in periodontal surgery. The gingival epithelium is a stratified and squamous tissue, and is composed of. Bacterial adhesion to sulcular epithelium in periodontitis. In gingivitis, the sulcular epithelium has the following.
Lplastin was detected only in aggressive periodontitis gcfs 15. Expression of pcna in oral gingival epithelium of aggressive and, chronic periodontitisa pilot study. Chronic periodontitis the advanced lesion is the chief cause of tooth loss in later adult life, but symptoms are typically minimal. The purpose of this study was to investigate, by electron microscopy, the type of bacterial attachment to the sulcular epithelium in periodontitis. This protein has been shown to be elevated also in chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontal disease chronic periodontitis a. The sulcular epithelium is that epithelium which lines the gingival sulcus. It may be localized affecting just some teeth or tooth sites, or more generalized. Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and spreading in periodontal. The dentogingival junction is a unique anatomic feature whose function is the attachment of the gingiva to the tooth.
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